WHY WAS THE REFORMATION NEEDED?
In an attempt to unite the church, Roman emporer Constantine, in the fourth
century, declared Christianity the official religion of the empire.
He gave church leaders, especially those in his capital city, Rome, enormous
economical, religious and political influence.
In the middle of the fifth century, Leo, bishop of Rome, commanded -- through
an edict from the emporer -- that all should obey the Bishop of Rome because
he held the "Primacy of St. Peter." This means he was made Pope or
Peter's successor, and as such, Peter would continue to minister as the one
who held the "keys to the Kingdom." Leo's claim was widely disputed, particularly
by the eastern wing of the Christian church which centered around Constantinople.
Gradually, a rift broadened between the Eastern and Western churches.
A major break came in 1054, when the Eastern church refused to accept the
authority of Pope Leo IX; by 1350 the split was final.
As the Western church grew, it began to add certain doctrines that were not
in accepted cannon. Not everyone agreed with these new teachings primarily
because they were not supported by Scripture.
Finally, in 1517, a leader of the opposition emerged. His name was
Martin Luther. Luther did not intend to break with the church. He merely
wanted to turn it back to its foundations, to reform it, to root out the
man-made teachings, to put fresh emphasis on the teachings of the Bible.
Luther took the Bible as his one and only authority. He discovered that the
heart of Christian faith is a direct and personal relationship with Jesus
Christ -- not with the church who was deciding for individuals the depth
of their spirituality and what they had to do to earn the favor of man standing
in for God.
But the Roman Catholic Church rejected Luther's views, so he and other "protesters"
were forced out. They began to meet separately. They studied the Bible,
allowed God to speak to them through it, and followed its teachings.
This was the start of the branch of Christianity known as Protestants.
Luther did everything a dedicated monk of the sixteenth century was supposed
to do. He fasted, he prayed, he whipped himself, he performed penances,
he went on pilgrimages (on hands and knees), and even confessed the slightest
fault to a priest. He said that no pen could describe the mental torture
of the struggle to achieve salvation through good works. Despite his
efforts, he knew he wasn't saved.
Then he found the Scripture in Roman 1:17 which said, "The righteous shall
live by faith." He had found that ONLY faith was needed for Salvation.
The Council of Trent ruled that mere faith in Jesus Christ alone was not
enough for the foregiveness of sins.
The Bible teaches that genuine faith in Jesus death and resurrection, automatically,
naturally produces good works and "fruit of the Spirit;" it is proof of the
personal application of faith. The opposite cannot happen; i.e.: doing
good works cannot produce faith and a belief in Christ.